The Sun Also Rises
Ch. 11-12 Allusions
Please research the following items, including MLA citations and discuss relevance and/or significance to the text.
1. Basques
The Basques are an ethnic population that primarily inhibited the region of the Basque country, a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees (chain of mountains) on the coast of the Bay of Biscary and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France. In The Sun Also Rises, Jake refers to the people on the bus as Basques.
2. Ronceveaux
Ronceveaux is a small village and municipality in Navarre, northern Spain. It is situation on the small river Urrobi at an altitude of some 900 metres in the Pyrenees, about 8 kilometres from the French frontier. When Jake and Bill are sitting on the bus, they mention that Ronceveaux is ‘way off there where the mountain starts’.
3. Fratellinis
The Fratellini Family was a famous circus family in the late 1900s and 1920s. An engagement at the Circus Medrano in Paris, France, after World War I was so successful that it sparked a strong resurgence of interest in the circus. By 1923, the Fratellini brothers had become the darlings of the Parisian intellectuals. They were lauded in print and worshiped by adoring fans who would show up at the circus just in time for the Fratellini entree, which sometimes ran as long as forty-five minutes. After Bill begins to the sing the song about pity and irony, a reference is made to the popularity of the Fratellinis.
4. Primo de Rivera
Primo de Rivera was a Spanish general and dictator. After he resigned as a dictator, he went to live in Paris, where he died in 1930. When Jake and Bill are sitting in the dining room of their small hotel, Bill wants Jake to make a joke about Primo de Rivera to the servant to see if she laughs.
5. Dred Scott (case)
Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as "the Dred Scott Decision." His case was based on the fact that although he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves, he had lived with his master Dr. John Emerson in states and territories where slavery was illegal according to both state laws and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, including Illinois and Minnesota (which was then part of the Wisconsin Territory). The United States Supreme Court ruled seven to two against Scott, finding that neither he, nor any person of African ancestry, could claim citizenship in the United States, and therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules. Moreover, Scott's temporary residence outside Missouri did not bring about his emancipation under the Missouri Compromise, which the court ruled unconstitutional as it would improperly deprive Scott's owner of his legal property. Bill says that the Dred Scott case was framed by the anti-saloon league.
6. Anti-Saloon league
The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. It was a key component of the Progressive Era, and was strongest in the South and rural North, drawing heavy support from pietistic Protestant ministers and their congregations, especially Methodists, Baptists, Disciples and Congregationalists. Bill says that the anti-saloon league was framing the Dred Scott case.
7. AEW Mason
Alfred Edward Woodley Mason (7 May 1865 Dulwich, London - 22 November 1948 London) was a British author and politician. He is best remembered for his 1902 novel The Four Feathers. When Jake and Bill go fishing, Jake reads a book by A.E.W Mason; a wonderful story of someone who waits for their love for 24 years to return iced and dead, which displays this notion of a lost generation that is constantly waiting for someone.
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American politician in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. He was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States. Bill says that he loved Bryan and that he went to Holy Cross with him and Mencken.
9. Mencken
Henry Louis "H. L." Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956), was an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a scholar of American English. Mencken, known as the "Sage of Baltimore", is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prosestylists of the first half of the 20th century. Many of his books are still in print. Bill makes a joke about Mencken saying ‘Remember the woods were God’s first temples, let us kneel and say: ‘Don’t eat that Lady- that’s Mencken’.’
10. Holy Cross
Holy Cross is a university that Bill claims to have gone to with Mencken and William Jennings Bryan and Frankie Fritsch.
11. Frankie Fritsch (misspelled in text)
Francis “Frankie” Frisch (September 9, 1898 – March 12, 1973), nicknamed the "Fordham Flash" or "The Old Flash", was a German American Major League Baseball player of the early twentieth century. Bill says that he went to Holy Cross with this person. It is interesting because Franke Fritsch was a boxer like Cohn.
12. Bishop Manning
During World War One he served as a volunteer chaplain at Camp Upton. Bishop Manning was a chevalier of the Légion d'honneur of France and an officer of the Order of the Crown of Belgium. Bill says that he went to Loyola with this person. He’s obviously joking around at this point.
13. Wayne B. Wheeler
Wayne Bidwell Wheeler (November 10, 1869 – September 5, 1927) was an American attorney and prohibitionist. Using deft political pressure and what might today be called a litmus test, he was able to influence many governments, and eventually the U.S. government, to prohibit alcohol. Jake says that he went to Notre Dame with Wayne B. Wheeler, and then Bill interferes saying that he went to Austin Business College with Wyne B. Wheeler. They’re all drunk and make fun of colleges and important people in history.
14. Pres. Calvin Coolidge
Sources:
- "Basque people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basques
- "Roncesvalles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roncesvall
- "Fratellini family." Fratellini family - Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fratellinis
- "Dred Scott - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dred_Sc
- "Anti-Saloon League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League>.
- "A. E. W. Mason - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEW_Mas
- "William Jennings Bryan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J
- "H. L. Mencken - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mencken
- "Frankie Frisch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_
No comments:
Post a Comment